Stocks mostly lower as oil sinks, Europe struggles

NEW YORK — Energy companies led U.S. stocks lower Monday as the price of oil languished around $80 a barrel and more disappointing economic news came out of Europe.

Goldman Sachs lowered its outlook for crude prices and a report on business confidence in Germany, Europe's largest economy, showed a sixth straight month of declines.

KEEPING SCORE: The Standard & Poor's 500 index slipped five points, or 0.2 percent, to 1,960, as of 12:15 p.m. on Monday. The Nasdaq composite sank seven points, or 0.2 percent, to 4,476, while the Dow Jones industrial average dipped nine points, or 0.1 percent, to 16,794.

OIL SLIPPING: Mounting evidence of rising supplies and weak demand continued to weigh on the price of crude oil, which has dropped from a high of nearly $107 a barrel in June. Goldman Sachs was the latest Wall Street bank to lower its forecast for prices in a report out Sunday, saying OPEC was unlikely to cut exports to try and push prices back up. Benchmark U.S. crude was down 79 cents to $80.24 in New York trading. Brent crude, used by many U.S. refineries to set prices, was down $1.20 to $84.93 in London.

OIL STOCKS: The slide in crude tugged down the stocks of oil and gas producers and the companies that provide services for the industry. Exxon Mobil and Chevron fell 1 percent, and Halliburton's 7 percent drop was the worst in the S&P 500.

MERCK STRUGGLES: A large group of U.S. companies are reporting results this week. Merck on Monday said its earnings fell in the third quarter as pharmaceutical sales sank 4 percent. The drug company also scaled back its most optimistic forecasts for full-year profits and sales. The news knocked Merck's stock down $1.40, or 2 percent, to $56.20.

NOT SO BAD: Last week, the stock market turned in its best performance in nearly two years. That helped the S&P 500 recover from a four-week slump. The benchmark index had lost almost 6 percent by mid-October, but is now down 0.6 percent for the month.

CHOPPY TRADING: What's behind the recent turbulence? David Joy, chief market strategist at Ameriprise Financial, thinks it's tied to actions by the world's central banks. The Federal Reserve is winding down its $4 trillion bond-buying program -- known as QE -- this month. And many investors expect the European Central Bank to launch its own program on a similar scale.

"We're approaching the end of QE, and I think the market is going through a period when people are asking how important is it to lack that support," Joy said. "The open question is how robust is the economy you're left with. Is it strong enough to sustain earnings growth?"

STRESSFUL TESTS: The European Central Bank said that 13 of Europe's 130 biggest banks failed a review of their finances and need an extra 10 billion euros ($12.5 billion) to strengthen themselves. The bank that did worst in the tests, Italy's Monte dei Paschi di Siena, saw its shares plunge 18 percent. Those that passed, however, traded higher.

QUOTE: "The stress tests showed healthy balance sheets in most major institutions while those found with capital gaps are mostly contained in periphery nations," said Desmond Chua, of CMC Markets, in a commentary.

GERMAN DATA: European stock markets swung lower later in the day when Germany's Ifo index of business confidence showed a fall for the sixth consecutive month in October, the latest in a string of disappointing data. Some analysts suggested lower oil prices and a weaker euro should help industrial companies and exporters and keep the country from falling into a recession.

EUROPE'S MARKETS: Germany's DAX lost 0.9 percent, while France's CAC 40 dropped 0.7 percent. Britain's FTSE 100 dipped 0.4 percent.

CURRENCIES: The euro rose to $1.2677 from $1.2670 late Friday. The dollar fell to 107.86 yen from 108.16 yen.

ASIA'S DAY: Shares were mixed in Asia. Japan's Nikkei 225 stock index climbed 0.6 percent, and South Korea's Kospi rose 0.3 percent. Hong Kong's Hang Seng fell 0.7 percent.

FED MEETING: Investors are focusing on this week's Federal Reserve policy meeting for confirmation the U.S. central bank is ending its bond-buying program. That policy has kept long-term interest rates low to encourage borrowing and spending but also boosted stocks as investors sought higher returns. Recent mixed signals about the strength of the U.S. recovery prompted speculation that the Fed might let the program continue for longer, but many analysts consider that outcome unlikely.

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Novartis selling flu vaccine unit to CSL for $275M

NEW YORK — Australian drugmaker CSL Ltd. said Monday it will buy Novartis' flu vaccine business for $275 million.

CSL Ltd. said the deal will make it the second-largest flu vaccine maker in the world. The company said the Novartis business had $527 million in revenue in 2013 and said its combined revenue could reach $1 billion a year in three to five years.

Novartis flu vaccines include Flucelvax, Fluvirin and Fluad. The Switzerland-based company, which expects to ship about 60 million doses worldwide of its seasonal influenza vaccines for the 2014-2015 season, reported $57.92 billion in total revenue in 2013.

Shares of Novartis AG picked up 24 cents to $90.39 in midday trading.

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Fed will likely signal no rate hike anytime soon

WASHINGTON — The global economy has slumped. Turmoil has gripped financial markets. And the U.S. job market, despite steady gains, still isn't fully healthy.

Yet when the Federal Reserve meets this week, few foresee any major policy changes. The Fed is expected to complete a bond-buying program, which was intended to keep long-term interest rates low. And, to support the economy, it will likely reiterate it's in no rush to raise its key short-term rate.

The economy the Fed will discuss has been strengthening, thanks to solid consumer and business spending, manufacturing growth and a surge in hiring that's lowered the unemployment rate to a six-year low of 5.9 percent.

Still, global weakness poses a potential threat to U.S. growth. The housing industry is still struggling. And Fed Chair Janet Yellen has stressed that while the unemployment rate is close to a historically normal level, other gauges of the job market remain a concern. These include stagnant pay; many part-time workers who can't find full-time jobs; and a historically high number of people who have given up looking for a job and are no longer counted as unemployed.

What's more, inflation remains so low it isn't even reaching the Fed's long-term target rate of 2 percent. When inflation is excessively low, people sometimes delay purchases — a trend that slows consumer spending, the economy's main fuel. The low short-term rates the Fed has engineered are intended, in part, to lift inflation.

Low inflation isn't all bad, of course. One factor in today's ultra-low inflation has been sinking oil prices, which leave consumers with more money to spend on other items that drive economic growth. The Fed may note that fact in a statement issued after its meeting ends Wednesday.

In its statement, the Fed is expected to repeat a phrase that has buoyed investor hopes for continued low rates: That it expects to keep its benchmark rate at a record low near zero "for a considerable time."

When the Fed last met six weeks ago, record stock prices and healthy hiring growth had raised investor concerns that the Fed might scrap its "considerable time" language. Then Europe's renewed weakness deepened worries about the global economy and about whether a deflationary spiral that's plagued Japan for two decades could spread internationally. Financial markets tumbled.

Stocks have since regained most of their lost ground. Yet the concerns about deflation and a weaker Europe have made clear that the central bank is increasingly looking beyond the United States.

"The Fed needs to consider the international situation," said Sung Won Sohn, an economics professor at the Martin Smith School of Business at California State University. "The global economy is very soft, and Europe is on the verge of relapsing into recession."

Partly because of those threats, most economists think the Fed will maintain its "considerable time" language. If, on the other hand, it dropped that phrase, the Fed would likely seek to reassure markets that the timing of any rate increase would depend on strengthening economic data.

The Fed has pared its bond purchases from an initial $85 billion a month last year to $15 billion, and in September it said it expected to end them altogether after the October meeting. Even when it does, the Fed will be left with a record investment portfolio of nearly $4.5 trillion, which will still exert downward force on long-term rates.

In September, the Fed voted 8-2 to keep its key short-term rate at a record low and said it expected it to remain there for a "considerable time" after its bond purchases end. Minutes of the meeting showed that officials worried that any adjustment to that phrasing might be misinterpreted as a shift in the Fed's stance on rates.

A better time for changing the "considerable time" language might be at the Fed's December meeting. After that meeting, unlike this week's session, Yellen will hold a news conference and would be able to explain the Fed's thinking.

In the meantime, investors will remain on high alert for the first hint that rates are set to move higher.

"Given that the Fed has kept interest rates low for so long and artificially boosted asset prices such as stocks for so long, a period of instability in inevitable and we are seeing that now," said David Jones, author of a new book on the Fed's first 100 years.

Most economists have said they think the Fed will start raising rates by mid-2015. But the global economic weakness, market turmoil and falling inflation forecasts have led some to suggest that the Fed might now wait longer.

Diane Swonk, chief economist at Mesirow Financial, thinks the Fed will keep rates near zero until September and that when it does raise them, the increases will be incremental.

"The operative word will be gradual," Swonk said. "The Fed is getting close to their goal on employment, but they are still missing the target on inflation and they will want to address that."

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Condé Nast reshuffles digital group, to be headed by video exec Fred Santarpia

Magazine publisher Condé Nast, as part of a restructuring of digital operations, appointed Fred Santarpia -- previously involved in the launch of the company's video-entertainment properties -- to be EVP and chief digital officer.

In the newly created role, Santarpia will be responsible for enterprise-wide strategy across digital, mobile and emerging platforms to expand the reach of Condé Nast brands. With the changes in the company's digital structure, CTO Joe Simon has chosen to leave the company, according to a rep.

Santarpia for the past two years has been EVP and chief development officer of Condé Nast Entertainment, where he and his team launched 14 video channels and The Scene, a content-aggregation platform for premium digital video content. Condé Nast Entertainment president Dawn Ostroff is expected to name a new g.m. of digital video to replace Santarpia. (Disclosure: Variety parent Penske Media Corp. in August acquired Conde Nast's Fairchild fashion media brands, and PMC is a content partner with CNÉ for The Scene.)

"The success of the company's digital video strategy is a testament to Fred's leadership and the hard work of the digital team at CNÉ," Condé Nast president Robert Sauerberg said in a statement. "With this appointment, we look to Fred to extend his strong digital vision to the rest of the company."

Prior to joining CNÉ in 2012, Santarpia was g.m. of digital music-video and entertainment company Vevo, whose backers include Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group and Google. Santarpia also has held senior-level positions at UMG and consulting firm Arthur Andersen.

Also Monday, Condé Nast announced the restructuring of its digital sales organization under Edward Menicheschi, chief marketing officer and president of the Condé Nast Media Group. Lisa Valentino will expand her current role as chief revenue officer at CNÉ to lead digital sales for the company enterprise-wide; she will report dually to Menicheschi and Ostroff and will partner with Josh Stinchcomb, who was named SVP of sales strategy overseeing brand-related efforts, advertising and revenue operations and partnerships.

© 2014 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC

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Ratings: NBC's 'Sunday Night Football' dominates World Series on Fox

While the World Series was no match in the ratings last night for "," the good news for Fox is that a sixth, and potentially seventh game of the Fall Classic -- airing without any competition from the NFL -- should produce a surge in viewership for Fox.

Preliminary, affiliate-based ratings for live sports are always subject to revision due to time zone differences, but the New Orleans Saints' 44-23 victory over the Green Bay Packers delivered more than double the demo rating on NBC's stations from 8:30 to 11 p.m. (6.4/17 share) than the San Francisco Giants' 5-0 victory over the Kansas City Royals on Fox's stations from 8 to 11 (2.7/7).

It was a bit more competitive in total viewers, with the primetime portion of the football game topping that of the baseball game, 17.2 million to about 10 million. But in Nielsen's metered-market overnights, football topped the World Series by a 39% margin (11.4/18 vs. 8.2/13) -- the biggest advantage in the five years that the NFL has scheduled a game opposite the Sunday game of the World Series.

"Sunday Night Football" figures to finish with about a 7.2 demo rating in 18-49, which would make it easily the week's top broadcast in the demo.

The football game felt more competitive last night, with the teams tied at halftime before the home team Saints broke it open in the final 20 minutes of action. The World Series, on the other hand, featured a dominant pitching performance by the Giants' Madison Bumgarner in a game his team seemed to control from the outset, even if it was only 2-0 into the eighth inning.

Game 6 of the World Series is set for Tuesday night in Kansas City on Fox, with a potential seventh game to be played on Wednesday.

CBS aired NFL action until about 8 p.m. ET, and started its primetime lineup at that point in much of the country. In the 8 o'clock hour, "60 Minutes" did roughly a 2.4/7 in 18-49 and 13.5 million viewers overall, followed by "Madam Secretary" at 9 (1.5/4 in 18-49, 11.6 million viewers overall) and "The Good Wife" at 10 (1.4/4 in 18-49, 9.6 million viewers overall).

ABC followed the special "Star Wars Rebels: Spark of Rebellion" with season lows for its dramas "Once Upon a Time" (2.3/6 in 18-49, 6.6 million viewers overall), "Resurrection" (1.2/3 in 18-49, 4.4 million viewers overall) and "Revenge" (1.1/3 in 18-49, 4.3 million viewers overall). Still, "Once" and "Revenge" both improved upon the net's performance in their time periods vs. the same night last year.

Preliminary 18-49 averages for the night: NBC, 5.0/14; Fox, 2.9/8; CBS, 2.8/8; ABC, 1.3/4; Univision, 0.9/3; Telemundo, 0.3/1

In total viewers: CBS and NBC, 13.8 million; Fox, 10.5 million; ABC, 4.5 million; Univision, 2.3 million; Telemundo, 0.7 million.

© 2014 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC

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Movietickets.com introduces scanner-free mobile tickets

MovieTickets.com will begin offering mobile tickets that can be validated without scanners.

The company will begin rolling out a pilot edition of the technology by the end of the year and has commitments from theater chains it represents to begin offering the ticketing.

MovieTickets.com says that theater chains have been hesitant to allow people to use mobile devices as tickets because scanners are costly, require maintenance and demand a significant capital expenditure. With the new technology, the tickets will have embedded security features such as watermarks or touch animation elements that do not require scanning.

"Everything is visually verifiable," said Movietickets.com CEO Joel Cohen. "We looked at past technologies and the reasons that they weren't adopted. We looked at barriers and we tried to break them down."

Movietickets.com has had mobile ticketing, and other companies, such as rival Fandango, also offer it, but this is the first of its kind to not require a scanner. Fandango is also experimenting with barcode-less technology, according to an individual with knowledge of the company.

"We're going to do a slow roll out and have conversations with exhibitors," said Cohen. "We hope to be available more widely early next year."

The company developed the tickets with Bytemark, which has created similar products for the NY Waterway in New York City, the South Shore line in Chicago, and Cap Metro in Austin, Texas.

© 2014 Variety Media, LLC, a subsidiary of Penske Business Media; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC

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Massachusetts gas prices still falling

Massachusetts gas prices have fallen another eight cents per gallon in the past week, and are now down 29 cents in the past month.

AAA Southern New England reports Monday that self-serve, regular has dropped to an average of $3.09 per gallon.

That's a nickel above the national average and a quarter below the in-state price at this time last year.

The range in prices for self-serve, regular went from a low of $2.92 per gallon to a high of $3.43.

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Chiquita OKs $681M deal with 2 Brazilian bidders

NEW YORK — Chiquita has sealed a deal to be acquired by two Brazilian companies for about $681 million, with the U.S.-based banana producer expected to go private by the end of this year or early next.

The deal comes just days after the fresh produce company's shareholders rejected plans to merge with Fyffes, another major banana producer, based in Ireland.

Chiquita Brands International, based in Charlotte, North Carolina, said Monday it will be acquired by the investment firm Safra Group and the juice company Cutrale Group for $14.50 per share, a 2 percent premium to its Friday closing price of $14.16.

The companies put the transaction's value at about $1.3 billion, including the assumption of Chiquita's debt.

Chiquita, founded in 1870, is among the world's top banana producers, along with Fresh del Monte, Dole and Fyffes, according to BananaLink, a nonprofit in the United Kingdom that raises awareness about working conditions in the industry. The company, which employs about 20,000 people in about 70 countries, also produces pineapples and packaged products like salad blends and sliced apples.

It said its board unanimously approved the deal.

Once the transaction is complete, Chiquita will become a subsidiary of the Cutrale-Safra Group. The Cutrale Group says it already has more than a third of the $5 billion orange juice market, and also sells oranges, apples and lemons.

On Friday Chiquita and Fyffes PLC gave notice to terminate their proposed merger agreement after Chiquita's stockholders didn't approve a revised transaction agreement between the two companies during a special shareholders meeting.

The proposed agreement with Fyffes was an all-stock deal, with the companies planning to incorporate in Dublin to take advantage of lower tax rates. Chiquita is based in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Once Chiquita's shareholders rejected the proposed deal with Fyffes, Chiquita said that it planned to enter talks with Safra and Cutrale on their competing offer of $681 million. Chiquita had received the bid from the pair last week after previously rejecting offers from the duo. The prior offer from Safra and Cutrale was $14 per share. They had bid $13 per share in August.

Shares of Chiquita added 21 cents, or 1.4 percent, to $14.37 in morning trading. Its shares have risen more than 40 percent in the last three months.

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Correction: Colon Cancer Test story

In a story Oct. 26 about Cologuard, a new DNA test for colon cancer screening, The Associated Press reported erroneously that the test was approved in September and was not yet available nationwide. The test was approved in August and has been available through the Cologuard website and private practice physicians for people willing to pay for it themselves, not just starting Monday at the Mayo Clinic with Medicare reimbursement.

A corrected version of the story is below:

New home test shakes up colon cancer screening

New home test for colon cancer shakes up screening; first to look for DNA in stool

By MARILYNN MARCHIONE

AP Chief Medical Writer

Starting Monday, millions of people who have avoided colon cancer screening can get a new home test that's noninvasive and doesn't require the icky preparation most other methods do.

The test is the first to look for cancer-related DNA in stool. But deciding whether to get it is a more complex choice than ads for "the breakthrough test ... that's as easy as going to the bathroom" make it seem.

On one hand, the test could greatly boost screening for a deadly disease that too few people get checked for now.

On the other hand, it could lure people away from colonoscopies and other tests that, unlike the new one, have been shown to save lives.

It might even do both.

"It looks promising," but its impact on cancer risk and survival isn't known, said Dr. Barnett Kramer, a National Cancer Institute screening expert.

David Smith, 67, a retired teacher from Northfield, Minnesota, shows the test's potential. He has never been screened for colon cancer and his doctor ran through the options, including a barium enema or a scope exam.

"He pulled out one of those really colorful brochures they have for all those procedures," Smith said, but he had suffered an infection from a prostate biopsy years ago and didn't want another invasive test. When the doctor mentioned the new DNA test, "I said, well, sign me up."

The test was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in August and will be offered by prescription at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, where it was developed, starting Monday, with Medicare reimbursement. It has been sold through a website and private practice doctors since its approval for people willing to pay for it themselves. It's called Cologuard and is sold by Exact Sciences Corp. of Madison, Wisconsin. Mayo Clinic and one of its doctors get royalties from the test.

Here are some things to know about it:

HOW IT WORKS

Many current stool tests look for blood that could suggest a tumor. Cologuard does this plus detects DNA that could be a sign of cancer or precancerous growths called polyps. People send a stool sample to a lab where it is tested.

If the test is positive, the next step is a diagnostic colonoscopy. A thin tube with a tiny camera is passed through the large intestine and growths can be removed and checked for cancer. When this is done for screening and precancerous polyps are removed, it can prevent cancer, not just detect it. It requires drinking laxatives the day before to clean out the bowel.

A sigmoidoscopy is a similar scope exam but only looks at the lower portion of the bowel and does not require full sedation.

ADVERTISED BUT NOT ENDORSED

The best measure of a screening test's worth is whether it lowers the risk of death from a disease, and it's too soon to know whether Cologuard will. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which sets widely followed screening advice, has not yet considered it.

For healthy adults age 50 to 75 at average risk for colon cancer, the task force backs three methods: annual stool blood tests, a sigmoidoscopy every five years plus stool tests every three years, or a colonoscopy once a decade.

ACCURACY

Cologuard was not directly tested against colonoscopy for screening but now is being marketed as an alternative. A large study compared Cologuard to one of the older stool blood tests and found it detected 92 percent of colorectal cancers and 42 percent of advanced precancerous growths compared to 74 percent of cancers and 24 percent of growths for the older test.

"Colonoscopy is the gold standard," but the new test "is pretty darn good" at detecting cancer, though it misses more pre-cancers than previous studies of colonoscopy show, said Dr. Harold 'Hal' Sox, a Dartmouth professor who formerly headed the preventive services task force.

Cologuard also had a downside — more false alarms. It correctly ruled out colon cancer only 87 percent of the time versus 95 percent for the older test.

"One could look at it and say that's a glass half empty, half full," Kramer said. It leads 13 percent to have follow-up colonoscopies they really didn't need — because they didn't have cancer. Yet if the alternative is to screen everyone with a colonoscopy in the first place, Cologuard could avoid 87 percent of them.

COST

Cologuard costs $599 versus about $25 for current stool blood tests, and "you don't know whether you need to take it every year — intervals have not been tested," Kramer said.

If you have the DNA test every three years, it would be $1,800 — about the cost of a colonoscopy, which is good for 10 years unless polyps are found, he said.

Medicare covers the new test but private insurers aren't covering it yet.

BOTTOM LINE

Many cancer experts say the best screening test is the one that people are willing to get.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and the fourth worldwide. More than 143,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths from the disease are expected this year in the U.S. alone. Only about 60 percent of people recommended to get screened do so now.

Dr. Kenneth Lin, a Georgetown University family physician and former staff doctor for the preventive services task force, said, "You'd rather have more options than not, but I don't think there's enough data to declare this test superior to any other test" because of the false positives and lack of proof that it will save lives, Lin said. "It definitely has some promise."

___

Online:

Screening guidelines: http://bit.ly/f2eT5q

FDA on Cologuard test: http://tinyurl.com/o5a7fb2

___

Marilynn Marchione can be followed at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP

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Q&A about care of Dallas Ebola patient who died

DALLAS — Of the nine people who have been treated for Ebola in the United States, only one has died.

Family members of Thomas Eric Duncan, who was diagnosed with the virus in Dallas after arriving from Liberia, say he did not get all the help they wanted before he died Oct. 8. They now question why his care was different in some ways than that of other patients treated in the U.S.

Here are some of the questions raised about his care and answers from health officials.

Q: How quickly was Duncan diagnosed?

A: Duncan was misdiagnosed with a sinus infection after first arriving at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas on Sept. 25. He returned in far worse shape on Sept. 28, when a doctor quickly flagged Duncan as a possible Ebola victim. But the misdiagnosis meant Duncan did not get care for Ebola as quickly as possible.

Q: Did Duncan get a blood transfusion from an Ebola survivor?

A: No. The Dallas hospital couldn't find a survivor with a matching blood type for Duncan. As a result, Duncan could not get a transfusion of blood plasma containing antibodies from an Ebola survivor. That tactic has been used as an experimental treatment.

Q: How about experimental drugs?

A: Duncan received an experimental antiviral drug called brincidofovir six days after doctors first suspected he had Ebola, according to his medical records. American video journalist Ashoka Mukpo received the same drug and recovered. Other patients have been treated with ZMapp and TKM-Ebola, which are the only antivirals proven to protect nonhuman primates from Ebola, according to Dr. Thomas Geisbert, an Ebola expert at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston. A manufacturer has run out of ZMapp doses, though limited doses of TKM-Ebola are available.

Q: Would using other drugs or treatments have made a difference?

A: Experts disagree, but they acknowledge it's hard to know anything for certain because so little data is available.

Q: Why wasn't Duncan moved to a hospital specially equipped to treat highly infectious diseases like Ebola?

A: Duncan's relatives say they wanted him sent to Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, which has a special isolation unit and had experience treating Ebola patients. It's not clear who made the decision to keep Duncan at the Dallas hospital. His records don't mention a move. A spokeswoman for the Texas Department of State Health Services said the decision not to move Duncan came from Presbyterian Hospital and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Hospital spokesman Wendell Watson said the hospital raised the possibility with the CDC of transferring Mr. Duncan to another hospital such as Emory. But CDC felt that would be unnecessary, Watson said. CDC spokesman Thomas Skinner said the decision to treat Duncan in Dallas was made by the hospital, doctors and the patient.

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